How does Shakespeare examine the themes of revenge in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

How does Shakespe atomic number 18 examine the themes of penalize in Hamlet EssayThe punish tragedy established itself at heart Elizabethan field of battle as a tre custodydously popular genre. The style of the hightail it had gradually evolved from the works of Seneca, an ancient Roman playwright. Once translated these plays per ashesed, steadily rose in popularity, with plays much(prenominal) as Middletons The Changeling, Kids The Spanish Tragedy and Tourneurs The Revengers Tragedy being most popular. The typical revenge tragedy play has several grand conventions within it, which are diagnose to the genre.see morerevenge hamletA five part structure of Exposition, anticipation, confrontation, partial execution and completion, portray the central character the revenger, discovering the deed he must avenge, wrestling with his conscience over the justification and validity of the act, then planning and eventually executing the act of revenge. Often Jacobean revenge trage dy often questioned the revengers morality. How far does the task of revenge affect the revenger? How far does it taint the person? How can the audience be sure the champs madness is not rattling real?Is it practical that the conflicting morality suffered by him brings unto the revenger real madness and mental instability? The questions over morality are furthered by the death of the protagonist another generic feature. Elizabethans generally firmly believed in the concepts of heaven and hell, dying without forgiveness from God would mean eternity in perdition like the obliviousness in which middle-aged Hamlet is in, in Hamlet When I to my sulphrous and tormented flames Must render up myself. As the revenger usually dies at the end of the play after carrying out revenge, he dies without the chance of confession and absolution.This means the act of murder has not been forgiven. Inevitably this leads us to assume the protagonist will go by eternity in hell. We can debate the aut henticity of the spirit demanding for revenge. If they were once a loved one of the revenger why would they make them vow to perform a deed, which would lead them to damnation? Could it be that the spirit is not in fact the spirit of the deceased but an evil spirit ta mogul their form, tricking the revenger? After dispensing with some(prenominal) of the generic features, such as narrative by the ghost, it retains many of the conventions of the revenge tragedy.Hamlet is summoned to avenge the murder of his father, by his fathers spirit, the murderer being Hamlets uncle, now stepfather and saucily crowned King Claudius. Hamlet feigns madness to disguise his intentions of revenge and has a play entitled The Mousetrap performed, in which the murder of Old Hamlet is re-enacted. On preparing to kill Claudius Hamlet is set back by Claudius asking for forgiveness from God in a moment of prayer. This leads to an inevitable climax, which results in the death of Hamlet, Claudius and Laertes i n a typically bloody ending. All of these events are to be expected from a revenge tragedy.Further more, Hamlet contains several guesss, key to its portrayal of the revenge theme. In act one, scene five Hamlet follows the supposed spirit of his father and is informed of his fathers murder I am thy fathers spirit sleeping in mine orchid a serpent stung me. This scene conveys the task of revenge being set, the whole of the play hinges on this event. The imagery within this scene is also telling. Old Hamlet is dressed in battle fatigue, thus symbolizing him as a war-king the audience having been informed of the war he started against Old Fortinbras.This suggests that Old Hamlets position in hell is right and not solely due to him being unable to confess before his untimely death. This suggests repercussion on whether or not Hamlets soul will actually be damned, having not confessed but essentially living a good life. If the nature of damnation does in fact relay solely on whether or n ot one has lived a good life, and not whether or not one has confessed ones sins, then it is possible Hamlet has gone to heaven, thus Shakespeare can be seen to be subverting the ideas of religion within the revenge tragedy genre.Young Fortinbras comments Bear Hamlet like a solider, in death Hamlet is viewed as a hero, in this context it is not difficult to assume he has escaped damnation The theme of kingship is keep in scrap two, scene two. We are presented with an image of Claudius, which is in direct contrast to the one presented of his predecessor. Talk of Claudius averting war with Young Fortinbras, shows the new king to be one which favours diplomacy to war. Surely such a king is more advantageous for Denmark than a bloodthirsty leader like the image we are presented of Old Hamlet.This furthers the question of whether Hamlet has enough moral justification to take a life, especially one that is so beneficial to the outlandish. This scene is also important as the first signs of Hamlet feigning madness are demonstrated to the audience. In act three, scene two the feature of a play within a play is portrayed. Claudius is outraged by what he sees Give me some light. Away. Hamlet interprets Claudius reaction to the play as unequivocal proof of his guilt. This a life-or-death turning point in the play. Up to now Hamlet has been unsure of whether or not to perform his duties.That he is assured by Claudius reaction (poor enjoin in hindsight) whitethorn illustrate Hamlets degradation by the mission he has been set. Ill take the ghosts word for a thousand pound In Act three, scene four the death of Polonius can be seen to serve multiple purposes. In its most insignificant form it leads Ophelia further into the madness, which eventually leads to her death. Also it demonstrates how the revenge plot has affected Hamlet A bloody deed. Almost as bad as kill a king and marry his brother. He has killed, in cold blood and without provocation, the father of his love and yet seems to show little remorse.Can Hamlet still be seen as the hero of the play when he himself is placed in the same situation as Claudius? Polonius death introduces a secondary revenge plot. Laertes now has to avenge his fathers death, inviting the audience to compare Laertes and Hamlet as revenger. The alleged actions of Claudius have provoked a cycle of revenge plots, in which all involved are led to their deaths. The penultimate scene of the play affects the stop of the three revenge plots. Hamlet and Laertes both achieve revenge, in doing they so they sacrifice their earthly bodies and possibly their eternal souls.Young Fortinbras revenge on Denmark for his country as he and his armies easily occupy, thus turning previous defeats on their head. Both Hamlet and Laertes at the beginning of the play were both well-liked and talented men Hamlet had the possibilities of becoming king bestowed upon him. Yet at the end each die as a murderer who is damned to Hell. Hamlet in th is form can be seen as a severe commentary on the idea of revenge, that it is the role of God to act upon those who have wronged, not the individuals.A innovative audience may read Hamlet in ways different to that of a Jacobean counterpart would have viewed it in. Themes of religion are very fortified in the play, and while an Elizabethan audience may have had a strong belief in the concepts of divine retribution, a modern audience may be less convinced by this. Religion is not as central to modern life as it was in the era the play was written. consequently issues such as deeds on earth having direct consequences on a persons fate in the afterlife- a crucial part of the genre, lessen in their importance.

Econ 561 Profit Analysis Question 2 LO3 Essay Example for Free

Econ 561 Profit Analysis Question 2 LO3 Essay2-8(Key Question) With current technology, believe a firm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also, assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 building blocks of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, change at prices of $40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. If the firm can sell these 400 units at $2 per unit, entrust it bear on to produce banana bread? If this firms mooring is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow to or away from this bakery good?Total Profits = Total Cost Total tax revenueTotal Cost = Presource * Qresource and Total Revenue = Price * QsoldTotal Cost = ($40 * 5 units of labor) + ($60 * 7 units of land) + ($60 * 2 units of capital) + ($20 * 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability) = $200 + $420 + $120 + = 0. Total Revenue = $2 * 400 loaves of banana bread = $800.Total Profits = $800 $760 = $40. The firm will continue to produce as it is earning economic profits. If this firm is typical of the banana bread industry, more resources will flow toward banana bread as other potential drop firms are attracted to the economic profits in the industry. 2-9 (Key Question) Assume that a business firm finds that its profit it greatest when it produces $40 worth of product A. Suppose besides that each of the three proficiencys shown in the table on page 43 will produce the desired output.Resource Units RequiredResourcePrice per unitof resource technique1Technique2Technique3LaborLandCapitalEntrepreneurial ability4a.With the resource prices shown, which proficiency will the firm choose? Why? Will production entail profit or losses? What will be the amount of profit or loss? Will the industry expand or contract? When will that expansion end? b.Assume now that a new technique, technique 4, is developed. It combines 2 units of labor, 2 of land, 6 of capital, and 3 of entrepreneurial abil ity. In view of the resource prices in the table, will the firm adopt the new technique? Explain your answer. c.Suppose that an increase in labor supply causes the price of labor to fall to $1.50 per unit, all other resource prices being unchanged. Which technique will the producer now choose? Explain. d.The grocery store system causes the economy to conserve most in the use of those resources that are particularly scarce in supply. Resources that are scarcest relative to the demand for them havethe highest prices. As a result, producers use these resources as sparingly as is possible. Evaluate this statement. Does your answer to part c, above, bear out this contention? Explain. (a)The firm will choose technique 2 because it produces the output at the least cost ($34 compared to $35 for techniques 1 and 3). Economic profit will be $6 (= $40 $34), cause the industry to expand. Expansion in this industry will continue until prices decline to where total revenue equals total cost of $34 and no additional firms will want to enter the industry. (b)The firm will adopt technique 4 because its cost is now lowest at $32. (c)The firm will choose technique 1 because its cost is now lowest at $27.50. (d)The statement is logical. Increasing scarcity of a resource causes its price to rise. Firms ignoring higher resource prices will manufacture high-cost producers. Firms switching to the less expensive inputs become lower-cost producers and earn higher profits than high-cost producers. The market system, therefore, forces producers to conserve on the use of highly scarce resources. Question 9c confirms this Technique 1 was adopted because labor had become less expensive. 210(Key Question) Some large hardware stores such as Home Depot boast of carrying as many as 20,000 different products in each store. What motivated the producers of those individuals to make them and offer them for sale? How did producers decide on the best combinations of resources to use? Who do thes e resources available, and why? Who decides whether these particular hardware products should continue to be produced and offered for sale?The quest for profit led firms to produce these goods. Producers looked for and found the least-cost combination of resources in producing their output. Resource suppliers, seeking income, made these resources available. Consumers, through their dollar votes, ultimately decide on what will continue to be produced.

Strategies to Develop Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare

Strategies to Develop Employee Satisfaction in HealthcargonMotivation and prepare That Brings Employee Satisfaction in HealthcareCrystal MullenASSIGNMENT Read the following scenarios and answer the questions in paragraph format. The answer for each scenario should be 2 pages in length. Your final submission should be 4-5 pages in length.Scenario 1 With the continued focus on managed care, your employees are worried that focusing on cost cutting leave alone reduce the quality of persevering care. As a health go administrator, you are worried about the continued dissatisfaction. Develop three strategies that would motivate and adjoin employee satisfaction.Keeping faculty motivated is a very important part of management in any industry. Furthermore, the high stress nature of managed care agency enforceing policies and procedures regarding work place motivation and support which then generates employee satisfaction are very important to retain qualified healthcare professionals ( Cardenas, 2014). Keeping your healthcare mental faculty engaged and motivated hindquarters be particularly if the healthcare facility is short-staffed or often includes temporary personnel or floating nurses. However, nonetheless in a work place environment that looks for any means to cut costs, there are still ways to motivate staff and pot help improve performance and morale (Leviticus, 2014).If I were a health services administrator, one measure any I would accomplish is to simply hear advantage of my staffs strengths. This would help my staff feel more confident and accomplished, which could then increase my entire teams efficiency. When team members are assigned to jobs that match their strengths, they are then able to complete their t entreats in a shorter period of time. Because they are finishing their required tasks sooner, they will then providing staff with more time to complete additional assignments. For example, if I were to assign a confused or disoriented pers everings to a health care professional who thrives on these types of patients, I would be able to increase the patient willingness to cooperate with the health care professional and lessen the need for multiple staff members to be tough in inconsequential issues (Leviticus, 2014).Furthermore, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would make it a point to ask for their feedback about health care issues on a regular basis. I would like to encourage dialog about their daily challenges with things like work schedules, patient care, hospital environment, or any other stressful managed care issues they are facing. I would create a variety of options for them to express their thoughts and ideas in a positive, proactive way, while discouraging un cultivatable griping, whining and complaining. I would look for their feedback on their close to frequent challenges in the manage care facility that they deal with by place meetings implementing sugg estion boxes and even with monthly or quarterly surveys. I would make sure to keep my requests for staff feedback that would generate positive solutions, non just ostracize feelings, gossip or opinions (Cardenas, 2014).Also, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would provide them with opportunities to demonstrate as easily as experience leadership in their profession on a consistent basis. I would also schedule team members with leadership tendencies for tasks like conduct department staff meetings, research information on current medical issues or even mentor someone using their own experiences. Finally, but not exhaustively, I would assign my health care team members to conduct small group sessions for peer-to-peer learning about such issues as nursing procedures, hospital policies, and patient care trends and responsibilities. Therefore, by creating leadership opportunities, my team can then generate their own riddle-solving abil ities. (Cardenas, 2014).Finally, though certainly not exhaustively, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would implement policies that would reward my team for the stick outlence they bring to the managed care facility. I believe rewarding achievements in my staff helps them staff stay motivated and actively involved. I would acknowledge their excellence in our weekly staff meetings, congratulate them via email or short letter of their achievement via social media. Also, I would recommend my team members for professional or hospital awards or perhaps even offer them a new style upgrade as a way of showing my team that how much I appreciate their hard work. Finally, though certainly not exhaustively I would considered allocating them a prime parking spot for the team member in the managed care facility who exceeds expectations each on a monthly basis or give gift cards when my team exceeds a particular goal(Leviticus, 2014). Therefore, I believe if I were to implement these measure, my team would be encouraged to continue to excel at their post in the managed care facility and be satisfied in their job because theyll know their work matters and is appreciated.Scenario 2 Pretend that you are a new nurse manager, you have opted to select the positive discipline nestle to managing employee behaviors. List the tonuss in the positive discipline approach and explain how you would cod it to the nurses that you supervise.The positive discipline approach is one that presents the role of a discipline as one that tries to regulate the negative behavior of employees to make them better workers. It is an approach to discipline that uses corrective action in order to generate more productivity, improved performance and a more sound workforce.Although harsh, negative punishment is effective for producing short term results, this approach will prove futile because negative discipline often generates employee frustration, high er absenteeism rates, low workplace productivity and high turnover. overconfident discipline however, tries to correct the negative employee behavior by first counseling the employees of what is expected from them, then giving an oral warning, and followed by a written warning. only(prenominal) after those steps are measures such as termination or discharge considered. Here are the step to positive discipline.Counseling is the first inevitable step of the positive discipline process. This step would give me the opportunity to isolate the nurses behavior tasks so that I can offer him or her possible solutions. When Im counseling a nurse, my goal is to make employee him or her aware of the facilitys policies, procedures and rules. Often, the nurses want to be a productive member of the facility and simply need a better understand of the rules. Then during the counseling I can have a better understanding of the nurses point of view so that we can both agree on the best way to adhe re to the facilitys rule. Therefore, I believe the counseling step can easily solve many of the problems that arise in a nurses behavior.The second step in positive discipline would be an oral warning. This step can also be given during counseling however, it tends to be a bit more confrontational. This is when I would become even more of a boss than a friend and remind my nurse of the behavior that requires correction.If however the nurses behavior has not been improved by counseling or oral warning, I would then implement the third step of positive discipline which is a written warning. This step requires documentation that correction was given but the behavior is unchanged. The written warning is where the nurse and I would write out a plan to correct the problem so that it would not arise going forward.If the nurse fails to receive positive discipline through counseling, oral warning, or written warning, I would then implement the fourth step in the positive discipline approach which is a final warning. When I implement a final warning, I would hold a conference that would emphasizes to the nurse just how important it is that he or she correct his or her inappropriate actions. This is not a step I would wish to implement because I would have to insist that he or she take a non-paid day off. I would suggest to my nurse that he or she use this day to decide if his or her actions are worth correcting in order to remain with the facility. While I would not enjoy implementing this step, I can see how it can be quite effective in demonstrating to my nurse the seriousness of the problem that is created by his or her inappropriate behavior and that it can no longer be tolerating at this facility.Finally, if the nurse will not submit to counseling, respond to an oral warning, or a written warning and seem unchanged by a final warning, then and only then would I implement the fifth and final step in positive discipline and that is to discharge the nurse from his or her duties. As difficult as it may be to discharge an employee it is necessary if I want to maintain the positive nature of the facility as a whole.What I really appreciate about positive discipline is that it promotes problem solving rather punishment. Positive discipline integrates positive confrontation with the nurse with the problem behavior and thus provides him or her with the opportunity to be justified. I would then inform him or her of the company policies and procedures. Therefore, I believe positive discipline provides the most opportunities for long term employee satisfaction because employees will understand the correction process without feeling coerced or belittled (Industrial dealing Naukrihub.com, 2014).ReferencesCardenas, H. (2014). Strategies to Motivate Staff Nurses. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Chron.com http//smallbusiness.chron.com/strategies-motivate-staff-nurses-15427.htmlIndustrial Relations Naukrihub.com. (2014). Positive Discipline Approach. Retri eved January 12, 2014, from Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com http//industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/positive-discipline-approach.htmlLeviticus, J. (2014). Effective Strategies That Bolster Nursing Teams. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Chron.com http//smallbusiness.chron.com/tools-techniques-use-team-effective-24079.html

PEST Analysis: Brompton Bicycle

PEST Analysis Brompton BicycleBrompton Bicycle is a uk manufacturer bicycle based in Brentford, London by Andrew Ritchie in 1976. Models be named using a code to describe the handle bar type, number of gears and factory attached fixtures. An optional suffix is appended to show the inclusion of titanium upgrades. In Britain the clubs membership is changing, now 35-40% customers of Brompton atomic number 18 women. The average riders age has similarly dropped below 40. Its getting good in uk .Brompton Bicycle is a British company that specialises in folding bicycles, commonly known as Brompton which is popular among bicycle commuters, especially in the UK, the Netherlands, and Japan. The Brompton design has remained fundamentally unchanged everyplace third decades, although it has been steadily refined. The Brompton increases batchs independence and freedom so people loafer use this cycle wherever they give the bounce use. Approximately 22,000 bicycles ar produced by the comp any individually year and 70 percent are exported to asia and Europe. The compact dimensions of most folding cycles/seconds allow easy transport in public transport where travelling with a normal rhythm can be touchy or forbidden. We can this cycle in different style handlebar like c type handlebar, m type handlebar, s type handlebar and p type handlebar.-http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brompton_BicyclePEST ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLEpolitical factorMany people are cycling on London major roads and it has nearly doubled since 2000 and TfL is targeting a 5% mode share for cycling by 2025. southeast West Trains is a mathematical function of Stagecoach Group, has joined forces with Brompton Bicycle to encourage passengers for cycle as part of a fully integrated low carbon journey combining bike and train. Every one like this bikes because it is efficient to ride but can be quickly folded into a package smaller than an average suitcase, so people can take wherever they like.Economic factorThough exports account for most 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its bikes in the UK. Its getting profit here.Social factorBrompton bike got a award, Mr Ritchie, who was awarded the prize that recognizes a lifetime contribution to design, he has spent 21 years perfecting to the Brompton, which is manufactured in Britain and sells around the world. At a reception in Buckingham Palace 50 years of British design genius was celebrating.Technological factorWhen transporting a Brompton Bicycle by Train, Car innovatione or boat it would be beneficial to contain a preventative case. There is a need for such a protective case to also double as a fully functional bike trailer so it will attach to the rear of the bike and be used to transport light to moderate loads.-http//www.stagecoachgroup.comSWOT ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLEstrengthBrompton bicycle is travel free and without booking restrictions we can use on rail, bus, underground, ferry or air servi ces. Its that freedom to travel anywhere that gives folding bikes a magic quality. A folding bike can be novel ways of travelling. Its have many colour with extra tall frame to fit tall riders.From 1976, Brompton was in business, but growth was infuriatingly slow. Today, Brompton Bicycle Ltd turns out carbon precision-crafted bikes a day from its cosy in Kew.Brompton bicycle sold in 27 international markets and servicing needs of the 200,000 Brompton users who are already on the road. They tiller something fashionable. People like the Brompton because its fun and it fits into their lives. In London, the bike is moving from being an issue of personal choice. On the corporate side, Brompton already leases a fleet of bikes to South West Trains at Waterloo. Mr Butler-Adams planned to provide package deals including bikes, training, warehousing and insurance to early(a) companies.Brompton Bicycle is going to produce 25,000 bikes this year, achieving sales of 7m- 8m. Ritchie expects it to grow 25% a year under the leadership of managing director Butler-Adams. Brompton bicycle exports to markets to Netherlands, America, Germany, Japan and Scandinavia account for about 60% of its sales.weakness Brompton bicycles seat pillars in both steel and aluminum versions. standard seat pillar, the Brompton and Brooks agitates can be up to 995mm from the ground. If customers inside leg is to a greater extent than 33/84cm,he will almost need either of the agelong seat pillars. So for the shorter people it can be difficult for ride. Its not adjustable as other bigger cycle. The merits and draw prickers of small and large wheels alike can be argued into the late hours.OpportunitiesThe Brompton is the only bike in the world to combine such ready portability with a first-class ride, and it creates countless new opportunities for using a bicycle. Malcolm Shepherd, Chief Executive of Sustrans said Cycling England has been a crucial conduit for funding which has touched the lives of millions of people by making it possible for people to cycle for quotidian journeys. And Brompton bikes are suitable for the every journey.Here are so many bike company competitor for the Brompton bikes. Alldays Onions, Bickerton- folding bikes. Boardman bikes, british eagle, claud bulter, dawes, etc.. bicycles are here. Like Brompton bickerton is also a folding cycle. It can be a main competitor. The Bickerton was a portable, aluminium folding bicycle designed by Harry Bickerton it had manufactured in the UK between 1971 and 1991. The bicycle was made of aluminium profiles and riding properties were poor, aluminium parts could never be properly locked in place. its weight and folded package size broke and it is cited by Andrew Ritchie as one of his inspirations in creating the highly successful Brompton bicycle. So the Brompton is bust than any cycle thats why70% Brompton bike are exporting to asia and Europe.ThreatsThe UK folding bike Brompton is a curious company. Brompton bicycle exports for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its bikes in the UK.Brompton bicycles many parts are custom made so it may bring delays and extra costs for repairing than authorized dealers. The bike is less suited to long rides as most models have restricted gears. Riders requiring a piece of tail bracket to saddle top height of more(prenominal) than 715mm/28 can select an extended seat post to give a maximum saddle height of 775mm/30.5-http//www.bikesandtrailers.com/folding-bikes/brompton.htmlBefore doing any business first we have to do pest analysis in that bucolic which is followingPEST ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESHPolitical milieuBangladesh is a poor nation in South Asia its gained independence in 1971 against West Pakistan .After independence, Bangladesh has established a largely moderate and democratic mass as a Muslim country. The Bangladesh National Party and the Awami League traditionally have dominated East Pakistani politics, wit h the AL in establishment since January 2009. Bangladesh was ruled by a military-backed caretaker g all overnance led by Fakhruddin Ahmed for two years prior to the return to democracy that was ushered in by the December 2008 election. The current Hasina government came to office in free and fair elections with an overwhelming majority in parliament.Economic surroundThe economy of Bangladesh is a developing country its per capita income in 2008 was est. US$1,500. gibe to the International Monetary Fund, Bangladeshs rank w3as the 48th largest economy in the world in 2009. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% p.a. over the past hardly a(prenominal) years. Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importanceSocial environmentBangladeshi state is largely Muslim. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. In 2009 the existence was estimated at 156 million. Religiously, about 90% Bengali people are Muslims and the remainder are mostly Hindus.Technological environmentThe Bangladesh have Space Research and impertinent Sensing Organisation which operates remote sensing facilities in both French and American satellites, and it is applying meteorological and geographic data to such basic problems as ground fertility, water management, forecasting, and agricultural census work. In 1986 it became the first non-American organization and it got a award by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. They provided training for Bangladeshi scientists and grants of equipment and technical assistance. Bangladeshi Atomic Energy Commission operates an experimental nuclear reactor and conducts as well important agricultural research on seeds, parasites, storage of harvested crops, and irradiation. http//www.traderscity.com/board/countrytargetedlea ds/Bangladesh.htmlPEST ANALYSIS OF INDIAPolitical environmentAfter Indias independence on August 15, 1947, India received most of the subcontinents 562 widely scattered polities, or rattling(a) states, as well as the majority of the British provinces, and parts of three of the remaining provinces. Muslim Pakistan received the remainder. Pakistan consisted of a western wing, with the approximate boundaries of modern Pakistan, and an easterly wing, with the boundaries of present-day Bangladesh. India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic country with a Parliamentary form of Government. The Constitution was adopted by the Assembly on 26th November 1949 and it came into force on 26th November 1950.Economic environmentIndia is eleventh largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity. The country began to develop a fast-paced economic growth and free market principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and f oreign investment. Per capita income in india is $1,030, ranked 139th in the world, musical composition its per capita (PPP) of US$2,940 is ranked 128th. Indias large service manufacturing accounts for 55% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while the industrial and agricultural sector contribute 28% and 17% various(prenominal)ly. In 2006 India exported US$21.8 billion worth of mathematical product to the United States and Indian imports from the U.S. rose 26.3% to $10.1 billion in 2006, up 146% since 2002.Social environment latest Population of India is around 1,150,000,000 (1.15 billion) people in 2010, of which Hinduism accounted for 80.5%, Islam is (13.5%), Christianity is (3.0%) and Sikhism (2.3%). these are the major religions followed by the people of India. There are 29 language in india.Technological environmentThe Indian software industry was grown from a mere US $ 150 million in 1991-92 to a staggering US $ 5.7 billion in 1999-2000.The annual growth rate of I ndias software exported consistently over 50 percent since 1991. Indias software exports would be around $ 6.3 billion, in addition to $ 2.5 billion in domestic sale.-http//www.stylusinc.com/business/india/encyclopedia.htm-http//www.locatehotel style.com/India/encyclopedia.htmPEST ANALYSIS OF NEPALpolitical environmentAn isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century, Nepal entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The government encouraged import and export to promote good business and encourage growth which will hopefully result in a higher duty rate, higher salaries and a better standard of living for all in time.Economic environmentAgriculture is Nepals principal economic activity which employing 80% of the existence and providing 37% of GDP. Only about 20% of the check area is cultivable another 33% is forested most of the rest is mountainous. The main food crops are rice and wheat . The lowland Terai region produces an agricultural surplus is a part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas. Export in recent years is approximately 70% of merchandise. Nepals merchandise trade balance has improved somewhat since 2000 with the growth of the carpet and garment industries.Social environmentNepals current population is 28,563,377 of which 80.6 percent are Hindu, 10.7 percent are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, 3.6 percent are Kirat ,0.5 percent are Christian, and 0.4 percent are classified other groups such as Bn religion.Technological environmentNepal is a late starter in modem science and technology. it developed technological capabilities in some specific areas they are civil engineering, architecture, agriculture, metallurgy, water management, textile and composition manufacture, medicine, dyeing and food technology. http//www.visitnepal.com/businessPESTEL ANALYSIS IN SRI LANKAPOLITICAL ENVIRONMENTSocialistic predilection in Sri Lanka was unswerving, but as ti me passed by it gave room for investment overseas in 1978. Board of Investment operates as a sovereign legal bureau with investment in foreign countries as a focus. BOI is authorized to yield grants to organizations that meet the basic eligibility standards on minimal investment, employment and exports. When the organization fails to meet the standards then its projects have to be sanctioned by the respective departments of the government. BOI also deals with the 10 zones of free trade, which is known as the export-processing zones. BOI possess the authorization to relieve any confinements on the FDI Eleven huge privatizations were accounted for 34% of the FDI. Nevertheless ascribable to the instable political conditions and conflicting ethnicity the advancement on this issue is been decelerate for years. The president sketched out regarding anti-privatization economical scheme in his electoral pronunciamento known as Mahinda Chintana. Various enterprises of the state which designi ng itself to be privatized were not approved, this includes the airports and banks. Privatize. Organization was planned to be regulated by the government which will turn the loss into a profit-making organization.ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTSound rates of growth has been steady in Sri Lanka despite if its intense violence on ethnicity. Rich private demand of requirements, stub industrialization, primarily the intensive labour textile industry and the advancement of domestic tea manufacturing hiked the growth rate of the economy. The well-disposed FDI policy of the government ensued the zooming inflows of capital. The deceleration in the global issues activated an acute condensation in the activities of the economy in the year 2001. Subsequently there was a recuperation in the sectors of the industries that is impelled by a firm external demand and an increased growth rates in the sectors relating to service resulted in a sizeable enlargement of economical activities though the tsunami tha t hit the sectors of agriculture was critically damaged. Deficits in the fiscal aspects are an important issue to the government, which has been diminishing in the years past. The current fiscal obligates to cut back deficits. There are many industries that imparts in great value to the GDP that engages greater population of the manpower, this comprises of the industry in tourism, and the service industries. When taking industries into consideration, it is the textile industry that yields greater sum of revenues in export.SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTSri Lanka holds a populace of 20,238,000, of which Sinhalese constitutes about 74%, Sri Lankan Moors constitutes about 7.2%, Sri Lankan Tamils constitutes about 3.9% and the Indian Tamils constitutes about 4.6%. When religions are taken into consideration the Buddhists comprise a major share of 69.1%. Sri Lanka is prominently a rustic area that holds 79% of the population. The populace medial age is 30 and 7.8% constitute for an age group of 65 an d over. The health index of Sri Lanka is fairly good when compared to other countries in Asia. The government has an expenditure of 46.3% from the 4% of the aggregate GDP for medical expenses of the country. The expected life span is 73.4yrs of the aggregate populace.TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTThe telecom sphere was improved to an incredible extent in terms of liberalizing decently in the90s. Act of Sri Lankan Telecommunication of 1991 founded the Sri Lanka telecom also known as the SLT, it awarded the permit to function in the global system.-http//www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/srilanka.htmlAfter analyzing the market we have found out that there is huge market opportunity in Sri Lanka to sell folding bikes. Due to low price there are more chances that Brompton folding bikes can become the market leader successfully after some time because of many reasons such as low cost, already exertion exist in Sri Lanka and due to climate condition. If we talk about local c ompetition, it is very less. The local players get the help by the government also where the government has distributed a project to provide good cycle facility supply to those households.Im a manager of this product and i want to make profit thats why Im going to launch this product in south asia. I will launch this product in sri lanka and will export in 3 other countries, they are Bangladesh, india and Nepal. It will be better to launch this product in south asia because there labour cost will be low and we can sell this cycles in low cost. Brompton bicycles cost in uk is 600 and over. Here, labour cost is expensive than south asia so we cant export from here. In south asia there is a scope for this product. There is a great number of people who are using bicycle but they arent like Brompton they cant fold, they are difficult for their journey. so it will be a new kind of cycle in south asia. I can make a profit. It will be cheaper so most of the people will buy it. I can make a market over there.Here are different types to debut new market they areExportJoint ventureFDIStrategic alliancesAmong these methods im going to use joint venture method because it will be better for my profit if i will export from here it will cost expensive. First i will go sri lanka and will talk in srilankan embassy, i will choose one cycle company as my partner over there and i will do good business over there and will make profit.4PS ABOUT THE PRODUCTProduct my product is folding bicycle.Price labour cost will be low so per cycle it will cost 90.Place i will open my company in Colombo kingdom of sri lanka because there i can gget more facility than other place.Promotion The literacy rate is 92% in Sri Lanka which is considered as a good rate. To sell the Brompton folding bikes every company more emphasizes on direct marketing such as event or trade show and personal selling. We will give this news first all over in sri lanka ulterior 3 other countries by tv news and internat ional news paper.MARKETING PLANOur product have made plan for Brompton folding bicycle for next five yrs. To increase our sale and profit we will spend half of our advertisement budget on personal selling because by this only we can aware consumers about our products and persuade consumers to buy the products.PRODUCTION CAPACITYDuring the first year, product will be imported to Sri Lanka And later the demand of the product goes 3 other countries to have a manufacturing Unit can also be considered. This will result in better set of the product will result in more sales and Profits.BUDGETSelling expensesStaff salaries, Sales support and distribution staff expenses are included. The total expenditure is 1210000.00Sales and advertisementFor radio advertisement =5000Newspaper/magazine =6000Tv ad =25000Sales promotion =250000 including customer awareness program node oriented =200000Trade oriented =750000Support line =600000

Review Caught Between The Dog And The Fireplug Politics Essay

Review Caught Between The Dog And The Fireplug Politics Es regulateAshworth in discussing diddleing with politicians tell that the most big telephone circuit of a legislator is to art hooters and pass them into law. He further stated that they be so many bad bills introduced throughout the nation each year by politicians. This happens both in congress and at the state legislative level. To prevent bad bills from becoming law, the founding fathers in their wisdom drafted the constitution to ensure that before any legislators intellection become law, much(prenominal) an idea must garner enough sustain from other legislators, pass both houses, before signed into law by the governor or president. The president or governor has a veto right. He can refuse to sign a bill into law. To override a veto, the ii branches of congress or state legislator must gather extraordinary support. It takes two third majority votes by members of congress or state legislative physical structure to override a governor or presidential veto. Ashworth went further to point out that because it takes a lot of support from other legislators to pass a bill into law, politicians in strategic positions device various means to prevent certain bills from seeing the light of the day, particularly when they oppose much(prenominal) a bill. The various subcommittees are one of such strategic personnelful legislative body. Ashworth describes how he so often gets derided by members of a legislative subcommittee who dissent with his testimony. He describes how powerless he often feels in the face of legislators who seem to have all the powers and can vote on decisions that can directly impact his life. In one instance, a legislator voted to have his salary cauterize, because he testified a donst the legislators bill.After reading Ashworths letter about politicians, I immediately started rethinking my own personal decision to study prevalent polity, especially if I recuperate myself occupying the same portfolio as Ashworth. yet in retrospect, I retorted to myself. In every profession, there are positives and negatives. We have to view Ashworths letter critically. Ashworth lamented when he wrote that if politicians are determined to embarrass you, they may show little or no regard to facts, figures or circumstances. In response to that I entrust say this. Unless the bill being discussed has an overwhelming support from members on both sides of the aisle. I believe that legislators on Mr. Ashworth side of the issue will stand up to entertain him, speak up for him in order to make their case. They wont seat still and observe a testimony that supports their cause lampooned and lambasted. If certain groups of legislators are impeach Mr. Ashworth of being wasteful, and they resort to intimidation and falsification of figures to make their point, one wonders where politicians on the other side of the issue were during this testimony. In this letter, Ashworth dwelt so much on the opposition. Of strain the opposition will be fiery in order to make its case. I am hopeful that politicians who stood for broadcasts Ashworth was implementing will counter with force to ensure that such a program does not cease to exist. Ashworth never stated that his program was closed. I am sure the power of his testimony alone did not lighten the programs he implemented for the many years he served in in the universe eye(predicate) advantage. He did not have a vote, all he did was testify and typeface how beneficial the programs he implemented will be to the citizenry. The ultimate decision rested with the politicians who had the vote. One will logically conclude that the politicians that voted to continue to fund his program must have spoken in defense of their votes during such auditions. But he benignly mentioned such utterances in his letter. He dwelt so much on the views of the opposition. He failed to understand that the opposing view in politics is n ot always there to forestall growth, barely rather to prevent excess and abuse.However, it is important to acknowledge some of the issues raised in Ashworths letter. Sometimes the relationship between bureaucrats and politicians can be rocky and full of unnecessary retaliation. I was particularly irked by the actions of the legislator who resorted to reducing Ashworths salary as a payback for his testimony against his bill. I wonder wherefore one legislator will have so much power to make a decision that is unfair to a public servant, who did not break any laws or flouted any policies. I will definitely fountainhead where the other legislators where, especially proponents of Ashworths programs when the decision to reduce his salary in the line item budget was made. If I had the opportunity to disbelief Mr. Ashworth, I will regularise the following questions to him Did he Mr. Ashworth take up the issue of his salary reduction with the appropriate authorities including key member s in the senate who oversaw the reduction? I will besides want to know what type of response he got back from them.2. Explain the metaphor in the title and briefly explain how this is central to understanding how to work with the press, unpleasant people, leaders, governing boards, and bureaucracies.The MetaphorCaught between the dog and the fireplug means that in the midst of the demands and inevitable inefficiencies associated with public policymaking and program implementation, a savvy public servant can shape policy, have fun and a successful career. That metaphor can be better described in the words of the philosopher, theologizer Thomas Aquinas who once said virtues in medio stat virtue stands in the middle. A policy maker should be able to find a sane middle ground in dealings with the media, governing boards, leaders and unpleasant people. To be an effective policy maker, one cannot be on the extreme. One has to find balance, but firm in making the right decisions, which may sometimes be unpopular.The pressAshworth begins by stating that the media has an integral role to play in a democracy vis a vis policy making and program implementation. He further advised that it is the duty of the media to halt the public informed as to what is going on in the polity. If any government decides to keep all of its action a secret from the media, the ability of the people to control that government will cease to exist. But however, he advised that there should be a limit and timing as to what can be disseminated to the media. If the media has prior knowledge of governmental negotiation and describe such freely, such a report can hamper or even cripple a government project. An effective negotiation is one conducted idler closed door, after which the contents of such negotiation is because presumptuousness to media. This will help protect the integrity of negotiation. A policy maker will be doing themselves a disservice if they choose not to inform the press of the outcome of a negotiation. It is important to understand as Ashworth states, that the media has a job to fulfill, and it is the job of the policy maker to make sure that the press gets all the information they want at the right time. This is if the policy maker has the answers to the question. The policy maker should be very candid with the media. If he cannot give the answers to the questions posed, he should state thus. Ashworth advised that it makes for better relation with the press if they know that the policy maker in question is always candid. A policy maker may take the semblance of an extremist or even a dictator if he knowingly chooses to keep pertinent information that is for public consumption from the press. There has to be abalance. The information has to be given at the right time, and not withheld out rightly.The metaphor utilize in the title of the book is also very evident in what Ashworth calls humility. Ashworth asserts that as a policy maker, a little hum ility helps. For one to be an effective policy maker and program manager, one has to be open to criticism. Thus, a fair and accurate criticism from the media should not be seen as an attack, but rather as a time to rethink and re address the issues one is being criticized for. No one is perfect. Ashworth also mentions that another strategy utilize in courting the media is to be responsible with ones criticisms of the media. If a policy maker finds out that a story was in accurately written by a reporter, it is always prudent to approach the writer first, before his or her bosses. By so doing, the reporter will be more accurate, and even check in with the said policy maker for accuracy in the future.Unpleasant PeopleAshworth in his letter to his niece about unpleasant people states that in public service one does not have the luxury to state exactly how one feels in the face of difficult and sometimes abusive circumstance. As a public servant one has to always find that balance not to come across as insulting or known to talk down on people. One has to be careful not to be branded an elitist. This brings to mind the metaphorical title of the book being reviewed. Ashworth states that an acceptable behavior is one distinguish from the top to the bottom. Thus, a policy maker who is at the helm of a governmental agency sets the standard of behavior which invariably rubs off on his subordinates. Ashworth stated that rather than attack an unreasonable person who is propagating an implausible idea, it is sometimes wise to take a step back and let the situation unravel itself. He gave a shocking example of an entrepreneur who was trying to float a university at a low level of quality and performance. At a hearing designed to ensure that the state does not close the university, even the entrepreneurs lawyer was startled as to the level of his clients unpreparedness. The entrepreneurs lawyer knew that his client did not have a case against the government. One can resol ve unreasonable circumstances in public service by allowing those circumstances to expose themselves.LeadersIn dealing with those placed above you, one has to speculate or even find out what ones leaders or bosses want. It is important to bear in mind that those in key leadership positions have their own wants and desires they will like to see accomplished. Most of them represent constituencies, and they search for ways to look good and gather support and votes among their constituents. According to Ashworth, a wise policy maker will try to craft policies that leaders can use and look good among their constituents. Of course the policy in question has to be legal and can be operable within acceptable practices. It is by so doing that one can motivate these leaders to support the ideas or policy issues he or she is looking to accomplish. In a lay mans parlance it can be called staff of life my back, and I scratch yours. Ashworth also discuss what he describes as subordinate leadersh ip. Leading from the background or leading anonymously. Subordinate leadership can be used as a shit to make ones self appear valuable in the sight of leaders. Thus, coming up with introspective ideas that will attract universal opprobrium is always commendable. First, it will make the leader look strong, insightful and attractive. This is exactly what happened with the Texas minority integration policy. One will assume that a policy maker, who has such attractive ideas, will continue to enjoy job security if not some form of promotion, which unfortunately comes with more responsibility.Governing BoardsAshworths advice on how to deal with persons plant to governing boards is the plain truth and is his advice is ad rem with everyday reality. Like everything else in life, it is always important to respect as well as gain ones trust before you can convince them to support your idea or policy. Building trust and respecting members of a governing board means that they will around alw ays return the favor. Respect they say is reciprocal. Ashworth rightly pointed out that because of the respect he had among board members, they seldom disrespected him or his staff. On occasions when one a board member stepped out of line to insult him, other members stepped in to defend him. They stepped in to defend him because he had built a reputation of respect, candor, singleness and discipline. Ashworth also hinted on how to deal with board members he labeled as turkeys. These are misfits. They tend to believe that they know more than anyone else including fellow board members. These are members who alienate other members. His advice on turkeys is to be polite. Let the counseling and admonition come from fellow board members and not you the policy maker. I cant disagree any further.Dealing with bureaucraciesIn dealing with bureaucracy Ashworth advised that policy makers should use every tact with their wit to avoid any type of can dragging that come with bureaucratic positi ons. Often times in bureaucratic positions one is confronted with preserving the status quo. Ashworth states that if the status quo results in bottle necks and unnecessary foot dragging, then the status quo has to be set aside to get your policy implemented in an orderly time and manner. The less bureaucratic an agency is, the more provoke the work place will be.3. This books impact on your view of public administration as a career. Would you recommend the book to others? Why or why not?The book is an expose of what public life is all about. Ashworth uses practical on the job experiences to illustrate the ups and downs of working in the public orbit. Some aspects of his garner were pessimistic and scary. His letters about working with politicians and difficult people were the most disturbing to me. I did honestly ponder if employment in the public sector was worth the sacrifice given what he had gone through. I was particularly shocked that at the unethical behavior of the politi cian who went out of his way to cut the salary of a public servant who opposed his bill. But like I stated earlier, every profession has its ups and downs. It is up to the individual to make the outmatch out of the situation. Some of the advice offered here can go a long way to sooth the pains, calm nerves and provide solutions on how to deal with specific discipline matters. One can also take consolation in the fact that one is called to provide good service. It is important to note that if we believe that our government is not meeting our needs, we have the obligation to go into government and help rectify the anomaly. We cannot sit on the fence and expect the problem to fix itself. Despite the vault and difficulties of working in public service, there is also a reward. The reward that you are providing good service, that you are helping to change someones life. It is logical to state that public service from Ashworths perspective is not for the faint hearted no matter how you look at it. I can unequivocally add that it is indeed a calling, given the meager remuneration.Yes. I will most definitely recommend this book to anyone seeking to serve in the public sector. It is always good to know primary what one is getting into. The book can also serve as a handbook in the face of difficult and precarious situation. Will situations exchangeable to what Ashworth detailed in his letters arise? Yes they will definitely arise. If they do, Caught Between the Dog and the Fireplug can serve as a veritable tool to help wiggle one out of difficult situations.CitationsAshworth, K., Caught Between the Dog and the Fireplug. Georgetown University Press. (2007)

Organic Light Emitting Diodes :: essays research papers fc

Technology has changed our lives in courses that we exclusively imagined in our dreams. Imagine a high smell and flexible display that is simple and low cost. Television or computer screens the size of a wall, but only as turn as a sheet of plastic. With colors so bright and vibrant you will feel like your right in the action whether you?re honoring your favorite movie or playing your favorite computer game. Sound very unlikely with today?s bulky, heavy, and power hungry Cathode Ray Tubes some times referred to as CRT?s. They are in our TV?s and computers giving off radiation and eating up our hard earn money. They require become so abundant and easy to manufacture that you can obtain a decent sized computer monitor for less than $100. We?ve tried those aerodynamic and stylish LCD and Plasma screens, but when you look at one you see something missing. Something you could only see in a nice bright and unclouded CRT display. LCD?s have improved greatly since their first appea rance in the large screen display area, but there is only so much that can be done. Plasmas are great also, but they are highly complex and expensive. They suffer from poor brightness and picture quality (zdnet.com). There is a technology being developed in research labs around the world that could change all this (Ibm.com). It?s called an OLED display, and it could truly change the way we look at technology.OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode, sometime they are referred to as Organic Light Emitting Devices. OLED?s are made from an natural real that has light properties that glows when voltage passes through it. They operate on the principle of converting electrical energy into light, a phenomenon known as electro luminescence. The basic construction of a single OLED consists of an organic bodily or a combination of organic materials between to metallic electrodes on a plate of glass. At least one of the metals needs to be transparent in order to observe the light that is emitted. Indium-tin-oxide is a metallic substance that is both conductive and transparent the other metal can be reflective or also transparent depending on the intended use of the display. The electrodes are then connected to a voltage source. When current is supplied the organic material?s atoms react with the electric energy and emits energy in the form of light that may have a tinge depending on the organic material used.

GCSE English Coursework †Wide Reading Assignment - Lamb to the Slaughter :: English Literature

GCSE English Coursework Wide Reading Assignment - Lamb to the executeby Roald Dahl, and The Speckled Band In this wide reading assignment I choose been looking at two stories,Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl, and The Speckled Band by SirArthur Conan-Doyle. Both these stories are classed as capital punishmentmysteries, and I am intending to investigate and par the motivesof the killers in both stories.The Speckled Band is written in first person from the viewpoint ofDr. Watson. The story starts with Watson looking over notes of thecases that he and Holmes have taken in the last eight years one inparticular comes to his mind, and from their Watson tells the story ofThe Speckled Band. The killer in The Speckled Band is Dr GrimesbyRoylott. Roylott is a tall man who was strong built.Lamb to the Slaughter is written in a third person perspective, andthe story starts with a description of a room, and then breaks intothe characters, and follows them though the rest of the story. The killer in Lamb to the Slaughter is Mary Maloney, a gentle, petitehousewife.The two stories, as previously said, are both classed as murdermysteries, however when comparing these two stories the styles ofwriting and the stylus in which the stories are presented is completelydifferent. An example of this would be the chronological consecrate of eachof the stories. What I mean by this is the traditional order of murdermysteries would be body, a motive, a weapon, a death, a suspect, analibi and detectives. Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band areno exception to these guidelines. The Speckled Band follows thisorder and is a very traditional murder mystery Lamb to the Slaughteron the other hand does not follow the conventional style of murdermysteries and follows its own order. This order would be a motive, aweapon, a death, a killer, an alibi and detectives. In changing thetraditional order of murder mysteries I obtain that Dahl is mocking thegenre of Murder Mysteries.The motiv es in The Speckled Band are clear from an early stage. Itsclear to see that Roylotts motives was the money, or the lack of ithe would have if his step-daughters were to marry. While spending sometime in India, Dr Roylott married a considerably rich woman. Upon herand Roylotts return to England Mrs Stoner died, and left her money toDr Roylott, and an annual computer memory that Julia and Helen Stoner couldcollect when they were to wed. This is what Dr Roylott obviously