Research design assessment.Methodology Essay

The nation of Libya has been subjected to numerous stresss of rules from foreigners as well as from native heap who become rulers. The nation became independent from the rule of Italy in 1947 (Vandewalle,D.J. 1998). However, British and French continued controlling the nation until 1951. King Idris led the nation into full independence and ended up becoming the first head of state. He established a hereditary monarchy. In a way, Libya started to establish well economically and in terms of trade protection (Bender,G.J. 1987). However, although oil was responsible for the drastic improvements in the economy of the nation, it started becoming the source of resentment. That is because King Idris began accumulating too much wealth for his family. Following such resentment, security status of the nation was disturbed. In 1969, Muammar Gaddafi led a group of military officers into a coup dtat against the King. The Al Fateh Revolution was launched. Consequently, King Idris was overthrown. Muammar Gaddafi took leadership but assumed so much government agency that he ruled the nation with an iron fist. According to St J.R (2008), Libya did not overhear enough time to enjoy the fruits of independence from colonialism. After independence from foreigners, Libya got into another form of colonialism from its own leaders which can be termed as internal colonialism. As Oakes (2011)notes, the government of Gaddafi spent much of the wealth in purchase of arms and support terrorist groups around the world. Before his death, he had acclaimed himself as the King of Kings of Africa. After the end of the Gaddafi rule following his death in 2011, Libya is reconstructing itself from the mess that had been caused by his rule (Oakes,J. 2011). However, public attacks from unknown assailants have been experienced severally. In 2012, an American Ambassador to Libya was killed during such attacks. These attacks indicate lack of security in the nation. The state of lawlessness and insec urity be issues that affect the government of Libya which is an interim government. There was an attempted coup on May 18th 2014. This research seeks to compare the present situation in the security of Libya and the past. Furthermore, the research seeks to show whether Libya is better now than before.Methodology In this study, secondary sources of selective information will be used. These will include reading books and jourrnals that talk close the history of Libya. Most of the books written in 1950s about the state of Libya give a clear picture of the nation at that time. Many journals have been written abpiut the history of Libya. Such journals will be very useful in this study. The journals and the books will be accessed online. The researcher will analyse all data obtained. Besides using online sources, the researcher intends to use the school library for the history books detailing the history of Libya. The researcher has full access of the library. The researcher will a bbreviate on finding appropriate books and journal articles, but will also seek out informed opinion from internet sources (via a Google search). An initial test of the contents pages of past issues of the journals Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs has already proved fruitful.The researcher also intends to use primary sources. Interviews will be use in the process. Of particular use will be two US State division publications The Foreign Relations of the United States (which reproduces original documents of the US government) and The surgical incision of State Bulletin (which prints public statement of US officials). I will also consult the Congressional Hearings held in the 1980s on this subject. The State Department serials are available electronically, via Hein Online, while Congressional Hearings can be accessed from the webpage of the US Congress.Moreover, interviews will be conducted online with senior people in Libya. People who are cerebration to have managed to serve in the government before the era of Gaddafi will be sought by means of the office of the Foreign department. Such people will be interviewed to give their opinion on the nature of the rule that Libya was subjected to before the rule of Gaddafi. The advantage with interviewing such people is that they will be in a position to give the past and the present analysis of the situation of Libya with regard to security.Supplementing these books, journal articles, primary sources and interviews, the researcher also intends to read contemporary newsprint articles of the period. He will access the New York Times and Washington Post via the electronic portal Newspaper Bank*. These sources will give a hook of information regarding the past and the present of Libya. The researcher will go ahead to analyse the information obtained to determine which will help answer the raised question. The germane(predicate) data will be used to make the conclusion of the study.ReferencesBender,G.J. (1987). Inte rnational affairs in Africa. Newbury Park, Calif Sage Publications.Oakes,J. (2011). Libya The history of Gaddafis pariah state. Stroud, Gloucestershire England tarradiddle Press.St,J.R. (2008). Libya From colony to independence. Oxford Oneworld.Vandewalle,D.J. (1998). Libya since independence Oil and state-building. Ithaca, N.Y Cornell University Press.Wright,J. (2010). A history of Libya. New York Columbia University Press.Source document

Core Concepts in Cultural Competence

Core Concepts in Cultural Competence Key Concepts (printable) Cultural Competence Definition Cultural Competence is a pin down of values, behaviors, attitudes and practices within a system, organization, program or among individuals that enables them to work effectively across cultures.Cultural competence refers to the ability to pureness and respect the beliefs, language, interpersonal styles and behaviors or infantren and families receiving medical c ar, as well as those of the staff who are providing such(prenominal) perplexity. Cultural competence is a dynamic, ongoing developmental process that requires a long term dedication and is achieved over clock time. vitrines dissect Cultural Competence in the following examples instance 1 Maria Hernandez arrives tardily for her appointment, and explains that she spent a few hours with her elderly aunt on the way to her appointment.The nurse, Ella, greets Maria warmly and comments on Marias devotion to her fa mily. Ella understands that in the Hispanic community, caring for family often comes before an individual requirement such as an appointment. pattern 2 When Gina, the social worker, enters an examining room she is already alert to the fact that the family she is run across may pose views about healthcare that are different than her own.She inquires about the familys beliefs, drawing on her knowledge of the culture, only if primarily interested in what the family tells her about their unique views. Example 3 Fred, the pharmacist, run lows queer with an Asian family who has been using herbal remedies. With great authority, he tells them that they are doing the wrong thing. Fred is not behaving in a culturally competent manner. diligence When meeting a uncomplaining or family for the first time, be awake that their beliefs and practices may differ from your own. Try to learn as much as you git about the familys demeanor and how they view the world. C ulture Definition Culture is defined as the sum of ones beliefs, rituals, customs and practices that guide thinking, decisions and actions in a patterned way.They are learned throughout a lifetime and passed on through generations. Examples Examine Culture in the following examples Example 1 Among approximately cultures in India, the occasion on which a child first eats solid foods is celebrated with great ceremony. Example 2 Family is defined otherwise in different cultures in some cultures, family means primarily parents and children. In other cultures, family includes a oversize number of relatives, loosely related. Example 3 Disabilities are viewed differently in different cultures. In some cultures, people with disabilities are hidden, in others they are believed to be endowed with special gifts.In some cultures, people with disabilities are encouraged to become independent and live independently in others, it is the familys wish and responsibility to ca re for the disabled person. Application Because of differences between cultures, patients behaviors and beliefs may be different from ones own. Explanatory dumbfound Definition The Explanatory Model is the belief system that people from a given culture have about what has caused their illness and what the illness does to them.Patients beliefs about what forget help cure them depend on their informative model. Examples Examine the Explanatory Model in the following examples Example 1 A Romani patient may believe that bad luck, bad behavior or contamination has caused his illness. Example 2 An Hispanic mother may believe that her child has Mal dojo, or has been cursed with the evil eye. Example 3 An Asian patient may believe she is having a difficult birth because of an imbalance between angry and cold in her body. As pregnancy is a cold condition she may request a drink of hot water, for balance. Application In order to learn about your patients exp lanatory model, you may require to ask something like I know different people have very different slipway of understanding illnessPlease help me understand how you see things. health Beliefs Definition Patients beliefs about their health. wellness eliefs include cultural beliefs about what causes illness, what will help illness and who is best prepared to help the illness. The Health Belief Model as defined by Becker, postulates that patients weigh more general beliefs such as whether or not they really believe they are ill and whether they believe the treatment offered by the medico will offer relief, against potential disadvantages of the treatment. Examples Examine Health Beliefs in the following examples Example 1 A mothers health belief may involve the fancy that a particular amulet will protect her daughter. Example 2 Some Native American tribes health beliefs include the idea that taking a photograph of a person will rob the person of his or her soul. Example 3 A mother may believe that her daughter doesnt have asthma, but middling coughs occasionally and that the inhaled steroids are dangerous for her daughter. She may therefore decide that the potential risks of the medication outweigh the benefits. Application A patient whose health belief is that his illness is a punishment for past sins may not believe that biomedical care will help him. He may believe that he will only get better when he atones for his sins. Social Factors Definition Social Factors refer to environmental factors which strike how the family functions.These include (but are not limited to) financial factors (such as socioeconomic status or graphic symbol of or lack of insurance), logistical factors (such as transportation or juggling many demands), housing, childcare and fond health care. Social factors sometimes also include family relationships or family dynamics which affect a child or family member. This often, in t urn, influences emotional factors. Examples Some examples of Social Factors are Example 1 Some families do not buy medications that they need because they do not have insurance or cannot afford the co-pay. Example 2 A child may come to clinic dirty, not because the mother doesnt care about cleanliness but because the water has been off and the landlord refuses to return her phone calls. Example 3 A childs divorced parents may be angry at each other, causing tension in the family and interfering with the consistency of his care as he moves between their homes. Application It is always important to learn as much as you can about the social factors that affect a family. This will help you understand the choices they make and the constraints they are under. civilization Definition The adoption of the behavior patterns of the dominant culture the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure. Acculturation is the process of acquiring a second culture.Assimilation is the process of replacing ones first culture with a second culture. Examples Some examples of Acculturation are Example 1 A first generation Italian who lives in an Italian enclave in he United States may continue to speak just Italian and to follow the norms and mores of his Italian origins. This person will not have become highly acculturated to American culture. Example 2 The granddaughter of a Chinese immigrant has gone to American schools and will now attend an American college. She spends time primarily with her American friends, dresses as they do and shares their values and interests.She has become highly acculturated into American culture. Application The spot to which a patient holds the health beliefs of his country-of-origin will depend in part on how acculturated he has become to American culture.

Posttraumatic stress disorder Research Essay

223. 4 zillion U. S. citizens have experienced a traumatic payoff at least once in their lives. This is about 70% of adults in the USA. Today 31. 1 million people be struggling with Post traumatic Stress Disorder (posttraumatic stress roughness) (Rosenthal). posttraumatic stress disorder is defined as re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal, callable to a traumatic vitrine. The marks are either long lasting or have a delayed onset (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). A traumatic resolution that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others, screwing create wicked feelings of fear, helperlessness, or horror (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012).This traumatic event then can leading to a serious solicitude disorder such(prenominal) as PTSD. Examples range from witnessing a nonher individual in a breeding or death crisis to experiencing a life or death crisis first. While PTSD affects a large percentage of the worlds population, scarcely recorded incidents are placed in statistics. However around the world traumatic events are not un car park, with the cases of genocide in Rwanda to war torn counties in the Middle East, and every the way back to the survivors of 9/11 and US troops back from Iraq, it is no wonder that PTSD is one of the most common disorders.This paper depart summarize symptoms, causation, prevention and treatment of PTSD. There are four main categories that the symptoms of PTSD are grouped into. The first is re-experiencing the traumatic event or incident. There are a few different ways one can re-experience the trauma. Some may repeatedly visualize meritless images of either the incident or something closely related. There may be a constant perspective of the event as it unfolded. Some may focus on how they could have done things differently presume there might have been a break in ending or the event would have been avoided entirely.Others will experience horrifying dreams or night terrors that will either be an exact fl ashback from the traumatic event or a metaphor of some cast that is equally traumatic. For example, a woman with PTSD who was a paramedic and was dispatched to the scene of the twin towers on 9/11 experienced nightmares of a fire b fortune dragon. A friend of hers stated that it was as if there was a fire breathing dragon with all the fire and trauma that engulfed the paramedics (Psych Lab Video Case).Last are flashbacks that one will re- experience. Flashbacks are fulminant memories during which the trauma is replayed in images or thoughts often at full motional intensity (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). The next symptom of PTSD is avoidance. One who suffers from PTSD will avoid all stimuli associated with the trauma. This means avoiding feelings, thoughts, people, places, and activities that remind them of the trauma. One decisive symptom of avoidance is a numbing of responsiveness or emotional anesthesia, which causes sufferers to withdraw from others and hide or conceal their emotio ns. This is known to have a large effect on family and loved ones who attempt to help (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). The last symptom of PTSD is arousal or anxiety.PTSD is grouped in the DSM-IV-TR as an anxiety disorder because of the effects of arousal and the secondary anxiety it causes. Anxiety may show itself through hyper-vigilance, restlessness, agitation, irritability, magnify startle responses, and excessive fear reactions to unexpected stimuli (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). In order to assess and diagnose a mortal with PTSD, a person must re-experience the traumatic event at least once, they must have at least three symptoms of avoidance, two hyperarousal symptoms, and symptoms that make it hard to go about their daily life such as school, work, etc. nimh. nih. gov).If a majority of the worlds population experiences many or at least one traumatic event, how is it that not everyone get outs PTSD? There a few factors that cause PTSD. Trauma is necessary for PTSD to develop but is n ot the only cause (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). Social factors include the bill of trauma the individual would be subjected to. For example, a police military officer would have a higher estimate of developing PTSD because of the movie they commit themselves to as part of their career. Individuals are more(prenominal) likely to develop PTSD depending on the severity of the event.Some people can be categorized as risk takers which would make them more vulnerable to developing PTSD such as a police officer or paramedic. Other risk factors include having a history of mental illness, getting hurt, living through traumas, having no social support or dealing with extra stress later on the traumatic event such as loss of loved one (nimh. nih. gov). Prevention of PTSD is possible and circumstances can take place that would help individuals prevent the disorder from developing even though traumatic events that could lead to PTSD are unknown or may come as a surprise.Federal parking brake Management Agency (FEMA) provides mental health assistance after a tragic event. An early hinderance is critical. Incident stress debriefing is a five hour group meeting where citizens share events and tragedies after a disaster (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). Police officers and all emergency personnel are given some sort of PTSD prevention therapy (Sanford). This is due to the fact that they have a high risk exposure to traumatic events. Treatment for PTSD varies and there several different types of psychotherapies that can be used to treat the disorder as well as medical specialty.The main therapy currently used is cognitive processing therapy, or CPT. cognitive processing therapy can be done in an individual or a group setting. A therapist will help a patient reevaluate how they feel about a traumatic situation. For example, many victims of sexual violence and rape place the blame on themselves. The efficacy of the therapy has held up. Recently, Congolese women who survived the inte nse conflict in their country and were subjected to rape and sexual violence underwent months of CPT to ease the post-traumatic stress.The results were promising, though the women appeared to respond better to the group therapy. After four months, the proportion of women with likely PTSD dropped from 60 percent to 8 percent in the cognitive processing therapy group the proportion of those with depression or anxiety plummeted from 71 to 10 percent. Their functional impairment scores dropped by half. In the women who received individual support counseling, rates of probable PTSD, depression or anxiety declined less, from 83 percent to about 54 percent. (Seppa, 2013) Another helpful PTSD therapy is Prolonged Exposure Therapy or PE.PE requires the patient to expose themselves to safe but uncomfortable situations that they have been avoiding due to their PTSD. The patient is also taught breathing relaxation techniques in order to lessen the anxiety associated with reintroducing themsel ves to traumatic tasks (U. S. discussion section of Veterans Affairs). The patient is also asked to talk repeatedly about the traumatic situation which eventually leads to habituation or a neutral response to the once negative stimuli. Medication is the other option for treatment of PTSD. though it is not completely curable, it can be managed by a wide variety of medications.Currently, the evidence story is strongest for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The only two FDA approved medications for the treatment of PTSD are sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil) (1, 2) (Jeffereys). There are also some obstacles to overcome in getting patients to best respond to this treatment. Patients are often concerned about the side effects of the medication, about learning to rely on the medication rather than fixing the root problem, about getting addicted and they may begin to abuse the medications by mixing them with alcohol if the PTSD is severe (Jeffereys).In addition , recent studies have suggested that long term exposure to anti-depressants may actually hamper a patients ability to respond positively to therapy (Nauert, 2013). A new work conducted by researchers at Emory, University of Miami and Scripps Research Institute has showed promise in prevention of PTSD. The results of the study suggest that exposing victims of trauma to morphine immediately after experiencing the distressing event may do more than just ease physical pain. Morphine may also play a role in fear learning.When the drug was administered to a group of mice after exposure to a stressful event, they could unperturbed learn to become afraid of sounds and shocks, but the fearful memories were not as durable and the mice did not rime as much in response to the sound alone two days later, even if they had been previously exposed to stress (Eastman , 2013). Some other out of the box potential treatments include channeling all ability into martial arts training or service dog training (London, 2013). The idea here would be to distract the brain away from the negative thoughts by focusing all the patients resources into positive activities.

Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc.

A Minnesota Student lend Program www. self give. org Table of Contents About the Program Eligibility How to Apply impart Size loanword Example Costs to the Borrower Loan Re wages Loan Servicer 1 1 3 4 5 5 6 9 This document offer be made open in an alternative format to individuals with disabilities by calling (651) 642-0567. March 2008 About the Program The Student educational Loan Fund, or self Loan, can help you pay for your education beyond high school.The course is administered by the Minnesota Office of higher(prenominal) Education and can be used only for educational purposes. It is a loan, non a scholarship, so it must be rep encourage. Eligibility An eligible bookman must be enrolled in an eligible school in Minnesota or be a Minnesota house physician enrolled in an eligible school in another state or U. S. territory a call of eligible institutions is available at www. selfloan. rg be enrolled at least half fourth dimension in a program leading to a certificate, a ssociate, baccalaureate, alumna or education degree be making tolerable academic progress as defined by the school not be in carelessness of any disciple educational loan at the online or previous school not be currently delinquent in payment of by-line or principal on an dandy loan from the self Program, or on any other federal, state, private or institutional student loan program and shit a credit-worthy co-signer. self Loan 1 Co-signer You must have a credit-worthy co-signer who is either a U. S. itizen or a permanent resident, and who resides in the United demesnes. The co-signer is responsible for making loan payments (interest, principal and other charges) if you fail to understand payments. The co-signer is relieved of this responsibility only in the event of shoemakers last or total and permanent disability of the borrower. A credit-worthy co-signer is one who has no account balances discharged finished bankruptcy no garnishments, attachments, foreclosure, repossession or suit no more than $300 combined total in unsatisfied credit or unsatisfied payment obligations or no more than five part of credit bureau balances past due.The co-signer must be at least 24 years elder or 18 years old if a sibling (i. e. , a brother or sister). 2 ego Loan How to Apply Following are the steps to apply for a SELF Loan Meet with a monetary tutelage administrator at your college to discuss your eligibility for a SELF Loan. The monetary help office result use one of four-spot application procedures (online SELF application, the TeleSELF electronic application, musical composition application or the combination paper/electronic application). The financial aid office can lineal you to the appropriate application. The Office of Higher Education determines your eligibility and reviews the credit worthiness of your co-signer. If either the borrower or the co-signer are ineligible, they impart be notified. The approved loan is scheduled for disburse ment. On the date of disbursement, you and your co-signer are sent copies of the loan disclosure, which describes the particular terms of the loan and the scheduled disbursement date(s). Either a stop is mailed to the school, or pecuniary resource are electronically transmitted to the school, whichever the school prefers. Funds are disbursed by academic term.You should allow four weeks for the exerciseing of the application and the disbursement of the funds. SELF Loan 3 Loan Size The financial aid administrator at the eligible school will determine the heart you can borrow. The loan amount cannot exceed the total cost of attendance, as defined by the institution, minus other financial aid that the student will receive. The minimum amount is $ergocalciferol. Maximum Loan Amounts The maximum loan is $7,500 for undergraduate takes and $9,000 for graduate levels provided that The loan amount shall not exceed the cost of attendance less all other financial aid. You may borrow mor e than erstwhile during an academic year as long as you have not exceeded the grade-level borrowing limits, your request is for at least $500 and adequate time remains to process the application. Cumulative Borrowing Limits The cumulative SELF Loan debt shall not exceed the following grade level limits $ 7,500 grade Level 1 $15,000 Grade Level 2 $22,500 Grade Level 3 $30,000 Grade Level 4 $37,500 Grade Level 5 $55,500 Grade Levels 6 to 9 (includes all undergraduate and graduate debt) Grade level is determined by the school based on the number of assign earned. SELF Loan Loan Example Here is an example of how a SELF Loan can help you offset the total cost of attendance. Cost of attendance Less available financial aid Federal grants State grants Institutional assistance Private assistance Total attend to Total student obligation Maximum SELF Loan amount (based on grade level) $1,500 0 500 500 $2,500 $7,500 $7,500 $10,000 Costs to the Borrower You must pay interest and principal o n the loan. There are no guarantee, trigger or processing fees charged.sake Rate The interest charged to you may change every quarter. The current SELF interest point is available at www. selfloan. org. Borrowers pay an interest enjoin comprised of a part (the margin) that is added to the variable interest rate of the source of money (the index). As the index or margin increases or decreases over time, the interest charged will increase or decrease. The index rate is tied to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR). SELF Loan 5 Loan RepaymentPayment of Interest You must pay interest quarterly while in school. This is called the in-school stop Interest payments will mark . approximately 90 days from the disbursement of the loan. During the startle 12 months after graduation or if adjustment drops below half time, the borrower will be converted to a monthly interest quittance schedule. This 12-month decimal point is called the regeneration finale . Repayment o f Principal and Interest The period in which monthly principal and interest are paid is called the refund period Near the end of . he 12-month transition period, you can pick out between two repayment plans as long as a required repayment period has not started The Standard aim requires the monthly payment of principal and interest starting on the thirteenth month after graduation or when enrollment drops below half time. The Extended Interest propose provides two additional years of monthly interest-only payments. Monthly payment of principal and interest with this plan begins on the 37th month after graduation or termination of study. While the Extended Interest Plan extends the transition period, it shortens the repayment period by the same two years.For SELF Loans from phases starting with SELF IV, if the core principal balances of all SELF Loans is less than $18,750, the maximum repayment period will be 10 years from the end of the in-school status. For SELF Loans from p hases starting with SELF IV, if the aggregate principal balances of all SELF Loans is $18,750 or greater, the maximum repayment period will be 15 years from the end of the in-school status. All SELF IV Loans will enter repayment no later than seven years after the first disbursement date on the loan. 6 SELF LoanAdditional Loan Repayment learning There are no deferment categories in the SELF Program. SELF Loans cannot be included in federal consolidation programs. Eligibility for repayment of SELF Loans under any student loan repayment program, such(prenominal) as a military program or AmeriCorps, is based on the criteria established by those programs for repayment of non-federal student loans. A borrower may move back and forth between the in-school and transition periods, but once a transition period has been exhausted and the repayment period entered, the borrower may NOT leave the repayment period. The total amount borrowed will determine the borrowers monthly payment however , the minimum monthly payment of principal and interest is $50. There is no penalty for prepaying SELF Loans. Transferring Schools If you transfer to another school or pursue a higher degree at another institution, you must enroll before the 12- to 36-month transition period elapses, enroll in a school that is a member of the SELF Program, and have time remaining before the seven-year mandatory repayment starts. If the school is not a member of the SELF Program, you will no longer be considered to be in the in-school status. SELF Loan 7SELF Loan Repayment Examples Amount Borrowed Annual percentage rate during principal repayment period Interest rate applied to principal balance Quarterly interest payments while enrolled Monthly interest payments during transition period Monthly payments of principal and interest $7,500 $7,500 7. 00% 8. 00% 7. 00% 8. 00% $131. 25 $150. 00 $43. 75 $50. 00 108 payments of $93. 80 108 payments of $97. 64 The interest rate varies passim the life of the loan and may increase or decrease. The example illustrates the repayment schedule for a $7,500 SELF Loan at two different interest rates and assumes that the stated rates do not change.It also assumes that payments of principal and interest will be made over a nine-year term, following interest-only payments during a four-year in-school period and for one year after school. 8 SELF Loan Loan Servicer A Servicer schedules and disburses your loan, sends bills, and keeps impression of your loan payments and your current loan status. The Servicer for the SELF Program is Firstmark Services. Contact Firstmark Services for questions about your bill, payments or to make address or enrollment changes Firstmark Services P. O. Box 25410 Woodbury, MN 55125-0410 Tel (651) 265-7666 (888) 295-0713 toll freeVisit www. firstmarkservices. com to check the status of pending applications and disbursements along with your payment and balance information. Minnesota Office of Higher Education SELF Loa n is a program of the Minnesota Office of Higher Education, a state agency providing students with a range of financial aid programs and information to help them gain access to postsecondary education. The agency manages the Minnesota State Grant program, which is a needbased grant program for eligible students who submit the Free Application for Student Aid (FAFSA).The agency also oversees tuition reciprocity programs, Minnesotas 529 college savings program, institutional licensing, a college sensory faculty program for youth and serves as the states clearinghouse for data on postsecondary enrollment, financial aid, finance and trends. SELF Loan 9 Minnesota Office of Higher Education 1450 Energy Park Drive, Suite 350 idol Paul, MN 55108-5227 Tel 651. 642. 0567 or 800. 657. 3866 TTY Relay 800. 627. 3529 Fax 651. 642. 0570 E-mail emailprotected state. mn. us www. selfloan. org www. ohe. state. mn. us 2008 Minnesota Office of Higher Education Printed on recycled paper.

Imagine you are Arthur miller Essay

This may be because they lack the language to express themselves fully or because they do not want to put their ideas into words. Eddie and Beatrices relationship is deteriorating because Eddie is jealous of Rodolfo. Beatrice is awargon of a deeper, to a greater extent disturbing priming coat for Eddies protectiveness for Catherine. It soon becomes clear that she is unhappy about Eddies attitude to his niece and she is up to(p) to persuade him to throw in the towel Catherine to start work when she lead offs offered one. Beatrice repeats the words What do you want from me? over again.When am I going to be a wife again, Eddie? She wants to know if he still loves her because they havent talked or had any carnal or sexual relationships which means that part of their relationship with each other has broken down, and despite thought-provoking Eddie over this, Beatrice is unable to make him face why this might be, let alone make him swallow his weakness to himself, as a result of t his she re chief(prenominal)s powerless to help him. Beatrice realized she had to tell Eddie that he wants somethin else, Eddie, and you can never have her This key dialogue within the play not only causes Catherine and Eddies relationship to deteriorate, but because Eddie will not allow her to try to achieve adult hood he is possessive and controlling. It is this urge to protect Catherine, to keep her from discovering her independence, that makes him particularly sensitive to the presence of Marco and especially Rodolfo, to whom Catherine becomes attr dissembleed. Catherine sometimes sits on the edge of the bath, in her underwear, talking to Eddie epoch he shaves.This shows how close they once were but also hints at the inappropriate crossing of boundaries, that leads to the eventual break up in their relationship. But, Catherine finding work, her growing attr secondion towards Rodolfo, which leads to their be after marriage, brings out an increasingly aggressive reaction in Eddi e that starts to break the family apart. Eddie is suspicious of Rodolfos interest in Catherine, believing that he seeks to marry her in order to gain the American Citizenship. It becomes clear to Catherine that Rodolfos intentions towards her ar motivated by his love for her.Eddies dislike not to be Catherines affections, as intimately as his desire for her, which forces him to talk with Alfieri for advice and which, even after Alfieri has told him to let events follow their natural course. This pushes Eddie to betray Eddie and Rodolfo. At the end, Catherine says Rat in the sewer and is always shouting which shows how much their relationship has disappeared. She becomes more rebellious and self-governing and Beatrice becomes increasingly frustrated as she realizes how the events will go.Eddies aggression towards Rodolfo is shown in the boxing scenes. Eddies main problems with Rodolfo are that he cooks he sings hes blonde he sews he dances and seems to be extremely feminine overa ll. To Eddie all the talents that Rodolfo is showing, points to only one thing in his eyes hes gay. most(prenominal) of the time Eddie doesnt know all the facts and jumps to conclusions, he refuses to see sense his eyes were like tunnels. Eddie cannot be persuaded otherwise, he is self centred and doesnt care whose feelings he hurts as long as he proves his point.Eddie and Rodolfo are completely different. Physically Eddie has brown hair, quite well built, straightforward and simple where as Rodolfo has blonde hair, lighthearted, entire looking and light on his feet their language, even though English is Rodolfos second language, he is able to express himself more passionately and imaginatively then Eddie. Rodolfo and Eddies attitudes differ because of the generation gap and Eddie has more experience about things, hes older and wiser.Rodolfo asks a lot of questions about things and wants to get a job, buy a motorcycle, and have dreams and fantasies of his future life. Marco and hi s structure, in comparison to Eddie, is similar in the fact that they both show signs of bulk and muscle and both enjoy to work hard for their family. That is why they got along in the beginning. Their interaction with each other clearly shows that Eddie preferred talking to Marco rather than Rodolfo. At the end of act 1, Marco gives Eddie a physical threat with the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head.Marco shows Eddie how to lift the chair and Eddie tries but fails again and again. Marco tried to scare Eddie but he has to get the message first. Marco lifts the chair over his head and gives Eddie a glare of warning and triumph. Eddies grin disappears as he finally gets the message. At the end of act 5 shows just how far Eddie was determined to go to try and get his name back from Marco. Eddie gets killed by Marco because he turned both Marco and Rodolfo into the Immigration Bureau.This act of betrayal on members of his own extended family allows the tragedy, which Alfieri fo resaw at the beginning and he knew he wouldnt be able to prevent these things happening. Though despite Alfieris best efforts, Marco is set upon getting revenge for his betrayal, while Eddie is determined to maintain his reputation and honour. Eddie felt that the only way he could get his respect from the mickle back was to try and kill Marco. They finally come face to face in view of the region and the unpreventable tragedy happens.Marco was stronger and it was Eddies own knife and arrogance that killed him. This scene is where Catherine and Beatrice admit that they really do care for Eddie. Thank you for writing to me Albert, I hope my advice aids your performance in the play. Yours sincerely, Show trailer only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of galore(postnominal) that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

The Basic Maketing Concept

The report as well as hopes to target specific strain functions and show ways of using the trade plan to improve them. It go out also identify ways in which selling can attend to achieve motley goals within the organisation.The Marketing Concept (alternatively cognize as a telephone line philosophy or a way of doing business) has become an effective way of improving the overall performance of m all businesses in recent years. Companies have realised that in monastic localise to make profits and sustain them, they must numerate the engages and wants of their customers. They must then comp be these needs and wants to the output or serving that they watercoursely offer.The concept of trade is based upon the idea that if the customer has a need and is cheerful with the product, then ultimately gross gross revenue will be good hence profit will be good. It goes without saying that every callers stimulate is to maximise their profit margin, but in order to do th is, some tend to heighten to a fault much on the selling aspect and non enough on the actual customer.A come with can be orientated in different waysA gross revenue orientated confederacy will focus purely on the amount that they sell, working on the assumption that sales and sales only can make money. Companies adopting this attitude have come under scrutiny, delinquent to the actions of over-zealous salesmen who will cylinder block at nothing to get a sale you argon probably familiar with the phrase neer trust a salesman. This way of doing business is no longer acceptable as it has become obvious that in order to sell something, someone must want to buy it. The old style of conning the customer into buying goods whether they need them or not, purely to find a sale, is now shunned by most industries.A merchandising orientated companionship is a customer orientated comp some(prenominal). They take into account customer requirements and focus on them. dialogue in the mi dst of a company and their customers is essential to ensure the success of any merchandising method. Market interrogation is used to identify specific requirements of both animate and potential customers. Satisfied customers are loyal customers who will inevitably create repeat business as well as providing sinless word-of-mouth advertising. This would undoubtedly result in increased profits.A achievement orientated company will focus purely on the production of their product. A company who cares enough about their ability to modernise goods of only the highest quality presumable must be admired for their dedication. However, dedication does not necessarily undertake profit, and without profit, a company could easily fold.Although a similar concept to the one of the production orientated company (above), the product orientated company focuses on the product itself. The aim is to make the best product possible. research and development is commonly involved in the process, e nsuring that there is a substantial demand for the product. It is hoped that a company will end up with a high quality product that will sell.The marketing fuse consists of various occurrenceors that a company can combine to teach of there is a match between the needs of the customer and what the company currently offers them.There are four main elements of the marketing mix Defining the characteristics of the product to meet customer requirements e.g. introducing optional features with a product that are not streamer or providing an additional warranty that whitethorn not be deemed unavoidable in law, i.e. providing more than legitimately requirement with regard to the product.An important element of the marketing mix, the price places a value on the product. It is possible for the buyer and the seller to compare this price to that of competing products. It is then possible to alter the customers perception of the value by offering additional elements such as cash trade di scounts, credit facilities and easy payment terms. From the marketing point of view, the price is the ultimate way of calculating profit.Another word for distribution of the product. The product must be easily available to the customer in order for it to sell well. There are various channels in which a product can be distributed. For example, TJ600 would probably choose to distribute their goods by way of a supplier, but they could also introduce a direct mail order service to increase sales.In deciding which methods to use, you must first consider who your potential customers are and where they are resemblingly to shop for these products.Although part of the marketing mix, promotion consists of four elements of its own called the Promotion Mix. These are advertize paid presentations such as television advertising, sunrise(prenominal)spapers and posters fliers etcPublic Relations the launch of a new product and the ways it can be promoted to the trade and consumer pressPersonal Selling a method of promoting sales by means of oral communication. This can be either face to face or over the telephone.Sales Promotion a way of enhancing consumer purchasing. This usually consists of displays, shows and exhibitions.Market query is used to identify not only customer requirements but to identify any marketing problems that the company may be experiencing. readiness is extremely important when compiling the data to be used in the market research. In order for the results to be accurate, the questions asked must be relevant. This will involve discussions with marketing management and on occasion, outside consultants. Research can be used to improve any element of the product ( comminuted in the marketing mix).When considering any form of market research, it is important that any external factors affecting the results are considered. These are commonly known as PESTPolitical any new legislation that may affect the product scotch unemployment rates, pass bying power of the consumerSocial environmental issues that may affect the productTechnological introduction of new technology that may affect the companyOnce a decision has been reached regarding the purpose and content of the research, it is necessary to determine the best way of getting a response. There are numerous ways of conducting market research, including postal surveys, telephone surveys and face to face interviews. The best response rate, however, tends to be with face to face interviews (usually questionnaires), due to the fact that an immediate response is given by the interviewee.It is vital that once data has been collected that it is guardedly reviewed, in order to interpret the information given as a result of the research. Additional research may be carried out if the data shows that there is another area that can be meliorate upon.In order for a company to go forward in business, they must set objectives goals. These usually form questions relating to the business , such asFor example, the organisational goals of TJ600 may be toExpand product range & distributionThese objectives are usually made at a strategic level in this case the managing director would be responsible for setting the objectives.It is reasonable to assume that TJ600 are aware of their position in the manufacturing business, due to the fact that they have been successful for 20 years. The goals detailed above give an idea of where the company would like to be in the future. All that is left is to figure out how to get there and it is at this point that marketing plays its role.Outlined below are ways that marketing could help achieve the aforementioned goalsIn order to retain customer loyalty, it is important that the customer is satisfied with the product they currently buy. Market research is extremely useful in identifying customer needs and to establish whether or not they are completely satisfied with the product. It is at this point that elements of the marketing mix can be used to alter certain characteristics of an brisk product e.g. if market research was to show that existing customers were basically satisfied with a product supplied by TJ600, but would welcome more after sales service, then management would want to look at the product element of the marketing mix. It is possible from there to ascertain whether extended warranties etc would be viable to the business with regards to cost effectiveness i.e. would additional staff be required?Again, market research is useful to determine whether there is a market for expansion of a certain product or expansion of an existing product to another country.Past and present success of a company cannot be taken as a guarantee for the future. Many large companies invest in regular market research to ensure that they stay one step ahead of their competitors. Although TJ600 has had continuing success in the past, it would be rather despotic to expect the same success in the future.Expansion is a good w ay of improving on something that is already popular and offering the customer more choice at the same time. In todays business world, it is inevitable that at one point someone will offer customers an improvement on their current product. Investing in market research will help to ensure that, if a product would emolument from expansion, then you will be first to do it.Once a company has established their organisational goals and the marketing methods that they are going to use to achieve them, they must ensure that they have the co-operation of every segment. Communication plays a vital part in marketing to ensure that the changes are implemented with maximum effect.For example, using the organisational goals detailed previously for TJ600, it would not be possible to make changes to the product range by consulting only the production subdivision. Outlined below are the roles that other business functions would play in marketingThe finance department is usually responsible for se tting annual budgets for the whole of the company and expects other departments to adhere to them. They are also responsible for setting time limits on credit facilities and these sometimes tend to be shorter than the customer would like. Communication between the finance department and marketing could look to improve credit terms if required and may allow room for compromise if a certain department required more money. It is the responsibility of the finance department to ensure that the company makes a profit and they may not be keen to spend more money or wait longer for customers to pay. This is where communication plays an important role if it is explained from a marketing point of view that these additional costs would result in a higher market carry on or increased sales, then the finance department would realise that this would lead to increased profits.The production department is unlikely to welcome the idea of modifications or improvements to the product. They tend to wo rk in long production runs and like to keep things as standard as possible. Communication between marketing and the production department may help them understand the need for improvements to a certain product it may be that improvements are necessary in order for them to stay ahead of competitors in the same market.It is vital to the smooth running of any organisation that the right people are employed for the right jobs e.g. marketing may have highlighted the need for customised orders to be introduced, which in turn would mean that staff are required to work more plastic hours. It is the responsibility of the personnel department to ensure that the company has adequate staff to meet these requirements.

Globalization and Its Impact on Global Business Practices Essay

Globalization and Its Impact on Global Business Practices - Essay ExampleIGOs are organizations consisting of at least three states as members conjugate together through an agreement called intergovernmental agreement. Examples of IGOs are WTO, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), OPEC, globe Bank, IMF, UNO etc (Hart, 2008,p15).States create IGOs and are the main actors in the decision making operate. Now the main power among the states in the USA. USA, Europe, and Japan called the triad economies adopt been traditionally dominating the global business and the decision making operation in the IGOs (Accenture, 2007). In addition to these, globalization has resulted in the emergence of new political actors ie the Non-Governmental Organizations, which have close links with these international government organizations. The main influences on the boundaries of the nation-state due to globalization according to motley definitions can be classified as economic, political and c ultural.The deck up in liberalization and deregulation and the quickly declining transportation and communication costs, as well as the reduction in barriers to good and services, have resulted in a high rise in the trade, FDI, and transfer of technical knowledge (Frankel, 2000). The rise in FDI has outweighed the rise in exports all over the world (UNCTAD, 2000). Moreover, as a consequence of the internationalization of production, there has been a shift in the production from goods to services all over the world with the services sector contribute to about two-thirds of the world GDP compared to only half of the world GDP in the 1980s(World Bank,2009).The globalization process has changed the traditional home country determinants of FDI.